Effect of some mutagens for induced mutation and detected variation by SSR marker in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Two chemical mutagens sodium azid (SA) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ) were used to induce genetic variability for improving some morphological and agronomical traits in three bread wheat genotypes namely, Sids1, Sids12 and Giza168. Some mutations were selected in M1 generation plants i.e., three for Sids1 variety )S1 29, S1 49, and S1 75), four for Sids12 variety i.e., (S12 116, S12 161, S12 168 and Sids12 177) and one for Giza168 (G168 202). Selected genotypes were grown in field experiment to obtain M2 generation. Results showed that most agronomical traits were significantly increased in M2 than M1 generation plants. The highest values in selected mutated plants for 100 grain weight were 6.31 gm for S12 161 plant, 5.79 gm for G168 202 plant and 5.55 gm for S1 29 plant. Genetic variation in M2 plants were used of evaluated by SSR molecular markers. The results showed representable the variation between treated genotypes and untreated (control) for all studied traits.