Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): Aspects, Indications, and Contraindications

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a type of circulatory support used in patients experiencing refractory cardiac and/or respiratory failure. The primary role of such support is to provide adequate oxygenation to vital organs while managing the underlying pulmonary/cardiac pathologies. During extracorporeal support, the venous blood removed is decarboxylated, oxygenated, warmed, and infused back into the circulation. ECMO support has a variety of indications and contraindications, and its management requires expertise. Intensive care unit staff should be familiar with ECMO in order to provide the best care for critically ill patients.