A Detailed Morphology and Histological Study of Placenta in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies

Introduction: Pregnancy in a diabetogenic condition is caused by many physiological changes that promote insulin resistance. The placenta is a key organ for the developing foetus, and it is also the most accessible organ of the human body. By the third trimester of a typical pregnancy, glucose tolerance has decreased, but insulin levels in the blood have increased.

Aim: The placenta of a normal pregnancy is compared to the placenta of a diabetic pregnancy to determine the pregnancy's outcome.

Methods and Materials: The current study was a case-control study using 50 placenta specimens with intact umbilical cords gathered from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Results: There was some variation in the form and weight of the placenta. The mean placenta weight in the control group was 452.80 grammes with a standard deviation of 140.93 grammes, while it was 406.00 grammes with a standard deviation of 210.31 grammes in the case group. The Random blood sugar of mother in control group was significantly higher than cases (t=2.91, p<0.01).

Conclusion: In complicated pregnancies, there was a tendency for placental weight and new-born weight to increase when compared to normal pregnancies, according to the current study. In diabetes pregnancies, this indicated earlier diagnosis and adherence to the treatment plan.