Molecular Analysis of Rhizopus Fungal Species on Deteriorating Historical Sandstone Monuments: An Advanced Approach

Sandstone monuments may support the broad categories of microorganism that are active in process of biodeterioration. Sandstone monuments have the compound of consortia of Bryophyte and fungi. Fungi is considered the most effective group of microorganism causing biodeterioration of sandstone monuments. Fungal units grows in the outdoor conditions in presence of low amount of nutrition and water it can start fungal colonization and the biodeterioration processes. Observing microorganisms on cultural heritage objects does not automatically assume that they actually change the physical properties or chemical composition of the sandstone. Our research study goals are Seclusion as well as Recognition of Fungi by utilizing molecular methods RFLP as well as RAPD. Eleven fungal species were isolated having dominance over sandstone structures of the different monuments. During the investigation it was observe that Aspergillus species are dominant than Rhizopus species. Micro fungi cause discoloration and mechanical exfoliation of different monuments that was analyzed production of dark pigments, Hyphae penetration and organic Acid during the identification using molecular technique. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the current knowledge about Rhizopus.