Importance of Assessment of Placental Grading at Different Periods of Gestation in PIH Patients for Better Obstetric Outcome

Background: The current study is based on the Grannum placenta grading system. It is widely known that placental maturation is accelerated in PIH patients, and the emergence of a grade 3 placenta before 37 weeks may indicate placental malfunction, which is linked to low birth weight newborns, IUGR meconium stained fluid, and a low APGAR score. As a result, this study was carried out to focus on placental grading at various stages of pregnancy in order to forecast and prevent greater obstetric and foetal impairment, as well as to compare the outcomes.

Methods: To determine the placental grading and biophysical profile of all PIH patients attending antenatal OPD and inpatients at ESIC and PGIMSR medical college in Bangalore, obstetric scans were undertaken.

These women were monitored for obstetric and foetal outcomes till delivery.

Results: In group 1, 17 patients (50%) had a grade 3 placenta, while group 2 has 39 individuals (59%) with a grade 3 placenta. Grades 1 and 2 were merged and compared to grade 3 for statistical analysis, yielding a P-value of 0.198, which was not statistically significant. Between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in age or gravidity. Medical problems were more common in group 2, which lasted between 37 and 40 weeks. PIH problems were also more common in group 2.The 34-36 weeks group had a higher number of LSCS (n=19 versus 14), but the difference was not statistically significant. Group 2 had a higher rate of IUGR and IUD, however this was not statistically significant. Group 1 had a mean birth weight of 2 kg, while group 2 had a mean birth weight of 2.7 kg. Group 2 had the most linked medical conditions.

Conclusions: Hypertensive women's placental maturation is accelerated, resulting in maternal and foetal problems. As a result, women who have rapid placental maturity on ultrasound should be thoroughly examined and treated properly.However, we believe that larger randomised trials are required.