An Advanced Review of Next Generation Sequencing in Oral Disease Diagnostics

DNA sequencing is the method of identifying the precise order of DNA nucleotides within a molecule. The information of DNA sequencing is of prime requisite for basic biological research as well as in various clinical specialties. They can be used to determine the individual genetic sequence, larger genetic regions, chromosomes as well as to sequence RNA and proteins. Since the first DNA sequencing in 1970s, there has been tremendous advancements in the technologies aimed to determine the entire human genome. The need for rapid and accurate sequencing of human genome has resulted in the introduction of next generation sequencing technology. Next generation sequencing refers to the second-generation DNA sequencing technologies where millions of DNA can be sequenced simultaneously. Some of the next gen sequencing methods employed are Roche/454 life science, Illumina/ Solexa, SOLiD system and HeliScope. Application of next generation sequencing in decoding the genomic database of various oral diseases may possess therapeutic and prognostic value. The objective of this review is to provide an advanced insight into the applications of next generation sequencing in oral disease diagnostics.