AN OVERVIEW ON HEREDITARY AND ACQUIRED HYPERCOAGULABILITY

A typical definition of hypercoagulability is the predisposition to develop venous thromboembolism due to an underlying hypercoagulable state caused by hereditary or acquired blood coagulation or fibrinolysis problems. Clinical signs of hypercoagulability can be fatal or extremely damaging. About 80% to 90% of patients can have hypercoagulability diseases accurately recognised. Determining the origin of hypercoagulability may influence the kind and length of treatment for the accompanying thrombosis. As a result, hypercoagulability is not a single, unified disease process but rather a collection of risk factors that may or may not lead to thrombosis, depending on the severity and number of risk variables as well as environmental exposures. The former includes prothrombotic polymorphisms in the genes encoding for factor V (i.e., factor V Leiden) and prothrombin, as well as shortages of natural anticoagulants such antithrombin, protein C, and protein S. It also includes elevated values of clotting factors (particularly factor VIII). The latter problems mostly include hyperhomocysteinemia, acquired elevations of coagulation factors or acquired reductions of natural inhibitors, malignancy, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.