The World in an Equation: A Reappraisal of the Lemaître’s Primeval Cosmic Rays

Based on radioactive phenomena (weak force), Georges Lemaitre conceives, as soon as 1927, the
primeval universe as a “unique super-dense quantum”, whose disintegration gave birth to all the
current components of the universe [1,2]. Using quantum mechanics, he proposes to explain the
origins of the world from the point of view of quantum theory. He believes to find in the cosmic rays
the manifestation of the initial fragmentation. However, regardless of the adopted cosmology, the
hypothesis of the primeval atom (cold big bang) had no equation to support it and was not retained.
Like all other cosmologists, he fell back on the Friedmann-Einstein equation with a repulsive
cosmological constant which, according to supernova observations at the end of the millennium,
propels expansion towards infinity. We juxtapose our equation of “quantum cosmology” to this
equation of relativistic cosmology. We have already proposed this equation in an earlier paper [3],
which has its source in quantum mechanics and fits Lemaitre’s hypothesis of the “primeval atom”. It’s
an equation in which the concept of matter-space-time is mathematically connected; gravitation and
electromagnetism are also bound by space-time. A mechanism is described showing how velocity,
time, distance, matter and energy, are correlated. We are led to ascertain that gravity and electricity
are two distinct manifestations of a single underlying process: electrogravitation. For the first time, the
cosmological time, considered as a real physical object, is integrated into a “cosmological equation”
which makes coherent what we know regarding the time (its origin, its flow…), the matter and the
space. Moreover, the equation indicates a constantly decelerated expansion. The concentration of the
material medium and the importance of the decreasing energy of the vacuum contribute to the
progressive increase of the positive pressure which becomes responsible for the increasing
deceleration of the expansion. Does this mean that our equation leads us inevitably to the hypothesis
of the primeval atom for the whole cosmos? Certainly not, since our model includes both the hot
Gamow model and the cold Lemaître model. The term “dynamic evolution” (used in the beginning by
specialists for big bang models) is appropriate for our model since there is both an explosive origin
and, throughout the expansion, a disintegration of a hyper-dense matter. The discovery of cosmic
microwave background radiation has confirmed the hot big bang model that Gamow and his team
have achieved. The predicted light prevailed over the primitive cosmic rays (particles) suggested by
Lemaitre. Nevertheless, we think that Lemaitre was also right. The so-called big bang theory (singular
cataclysmic explosion), in addition to not meeting basic criteria of science, is contradicted by several
observations that are ignored. For example, the work of Armenian astronomers has convinced us that
the origin of cosmic particles results not only from supernova explosions, but also from the partition of
radio galaxies, not only from the death of the world, but also from their birth.