Histo-Epidemiology of Kidney Cancer in Cameroon: About 110 Cases

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of kidney cancer in
Cameroon.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study on malignant tumors of the
kidney examined in the anatomical pathology laboratories of five regions (Center, Littoral, West,
South-west and North-west), over a period of 12 years (2004-2015). The studied parameters were:
frequency, age, sex, histological type.
Results: A total of 110 cases of kidney cancer were collected, representing 8.55% of malignant
urogenital tumors. The mean age of patients was 28.72±24.79 years (extremes: 4 months - 76 years).
Females are relatively more affected than males (56 cases, 50.91%), with female-to-male ratio of
1.04:1. A total of 58 (52.73%) cases of renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 46 (41.82%) cases of
nephroblastomas (NB) and 3 (2.73%) of soft tissue tumors were identified.
Conclusion: Kidney cancer is the third urogenital cancer in Cameroon characterized by a relative
female predominance with renal cell carcinoma as the predominant histological type. Kidney cancer is
the third urogenital cancer in Cameroon characterized by a relative female predominance with renal
cell cancer as the predominant histological type. The fight against smoking, the prevention of
diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are among the key elements that can help for the
decrease in the prevalence of this pathology. It should be noted that the effective initiation of cancer
registries is still essential to master the epidemiological data, foundation for a better coordination and
prevention of the anti-cancer fight.