Molecular Parentage Analysis in Aquaculture: Principles, Applications, and Challenges: A Review

Molecular parentage analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing pedigrees and estimating genetic parameters in aquaculture species. It is based on the comparison of DNA marker genotypes between offspring and potential parents. This review provides a concise overview of molecular parentage analysis in aquaculture, covering its principles, methods, applications, challenges, and limitations. It describes common DNA markers, including microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), used in parentage analysis and the criteria for their selection. The software and statistical methods for assigning parentage and evaluating the accuracy and power of the assignment are also discussed. This review demonstrates applications for estimating genetic parameters, investigating inbreeding, evaluating reproductive success, and improving selective breeding programs. In conclusion, while molecular parentage analysis is a valuable tool for improving genetic management in aquaculture, careful planning, implementation, and interpretation are essential.