Patient Characteristics and Outcome of Multi-organ Involvement in Dengue with Reference to SOFA Score

Background: Mortality in severe Dengue infection is attributed to development of MODS. Clinical profile, outcome and utility of SOFA score in Dengue MODS is not well studied in Indian context. Hence, this study was conducted to describe the “patient`s” characteristics and outcome in Dengue MODS with reference to SOFA score.

Methods: We conducted an observational cross –sectional study in medicine department, Sassoon General Hospital Pune between January 2016 to January 2020. Adult dengue patients with multiorgan dysfunction based on SOFA score were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. SOFA score was calculated at admission and monitor throughout admission course.

Results: Total 69 patients were included. Male were 53.6% and mean age was 38.7±18.7 years. Most common symptoms were fever (98.6%), body ache & joint pain (69.6%), generalized weakness (62.3%), breathlessness (59.4%), headache (58%), anorexia (58%), abdominal pain & vomiting (55.1%) and bleeding manifestations (47.8%). Total 28% patients had two, 33% had three, 24.6% had four and 14.4% had ≥ 5 organs involvement. Maximum number of patients had hematological involvement (95.7%) followed by respiratory system involvement (63.8%). Mean duration of hospital stay was 9.8 days. Mortality was 43.5%. There was significant correlation of number of organs involved, pulse rate, respiratory rate, serum albumin, nervous system, respiratory system, SOFA score at admission and delta SOFA score with outcome.

Conclusion: Dengue MODS has high mortality. Tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypoalbuminemia, respiratory failure and nervous system involvement are predictors of poor outcome. SOFA score at admission and its monitoring can serve as a useful marker to predict prognosis in dengue with multiple organ involvement.